***
Quiero prescribir una solución capliar con minoxidil 5 % y ácido retinoico al 0,01 % en excipiente hidroalcólico. ¿Qué componentes tendría que llevar dicho excipiente para evitar la precipitación de los activos citados?
Un excipiente hidroalcohólico indicado para este tipo de prescripción estaría compuesto por: propilenglicol (solubilizante), agua y alcohol (96º) (excipiente mayoritario). La fórmula final para 100 ml sería la siguiente:
Minoxidil.......................................5 %
Acido retinoico........................ 0,01 %
Propilenglicol.................................25 %
Agua destilada.............................15 %
Alcohol (96º) csp..................... 100 mL
Algunos farmacéuticos incorporan BHT (butilhidroxitolueno) a la formulación para evitar la oxidación del ácido retinoico.
Referências: Blog de formulación magistral para dermatólogos del Dr. Alía
31 de março de 2012
20 de fevereiro de 2012
Solução de citratos
***
Solución de Citratos
Citrato sódico............................................90 g
Citrato potásico.......................................100 g
Ácido cítrico..............................................70 g
Agua y Jarabe de grosella aa.................. 250 g
Referência: Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Bizkaia. Formulación magistral de medicamentos. 5ª Ed: 2004.
Solución de Citratos
Citrato sódico............................................90 g
Citrato potásico.......................................100 g
Ácido cítrico..............................................70 g
Agua y Jarabe de grosella aa.................. 250 g
Referência: Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Bizkaia. Formulación magistral de medicamentos. 5ª Ed: 2004.
16 de janeiro de 2012
Ácido acético concentrado en colodión elástico
***
Tengo que formular ácido acético concentrado en colodión elástico para el tratamiento de verrugas. ¿Es soluble dicho ácido en el colodión?
Sí. El ácido acético concentrado (también denominado glacial) es totalmente soluble en el colodión elástico a las concentraciones comúnmente empleadas. Se utiliza generalmente con ácidos láctico y salicílico para el tratamiento de verrugas y papilomas. Ejemplo de prescripción:
Acido acético........................10 %
Acido láctico........................10 %
Acido salicílico.....................10 %
Colodión elástico csp.........30 g
Reference: Blog de formulación magistral Dr. Alia
Tengo que formular ácido acético concentrado en colodión elástico para el tratamiento de verrugas. ¿Es soluble dicho ácido en el colodión?
Sí. El ácido acético concentrado (también denominado glacial) es totalmente soluble en el colodión elástico a las concentraciones comúnmente empleadas. Se utiliza generalmente con ácidos láctico y salicílico para el tratamiento de verrugas y papilomas. Ejemplo de prescripción:
Acido acético........................10 %
Acido láctico........................10 %
Acido salicílico.....................10 %
Colodión elástico csp.........30 g
Reference: Blog de formulación magistral Dr. Alia
Champú con biotina para el tratamiento de la alopecia
***
Cómo prescribir un champú con biotina para el tratamiento de la alopecia como complemento a las lociones de minoxidil?
Las distintas casas comerciales disponen de bases para champú compuestas básicamente por tensioactivos aniónicos y anfóteros, emolientes, acondicionadores, conservantes y viscosizantes. Sobre este tipo de bases, que suelen ser poco deslipidizantes para el cuero cabelludo, se puede plantear la formulación de un champú de biotina de la siguiente forma:
Biotina.............................. 0,1-0,5 %
Base para champú csp........... 150 g
References: Blog de formulación magistral para dermatólogos del Dr. Alía
Cómo prescribir un champú con biotina para el tratamiento de la alopecia como complemento a las lociones de minoxidil?
Las distintas casas comerciales disponen de bases para champú compuestas básicamente por tensioactivos aniónicos y anfóteros, emolientes, acondicionadores, conservantes y viscosizantes. Sobre este tipo de bases, que suelen ser poco deslipidizantes para el cuero cabelludo, se puede plantear la formulación de un champú de biotina de la siguiente forma:
Biotina.............................. 0,1-0,5 %
Base para champú csp........... 150 g
References: Blog de formulación magistral para dermatólogos del Dr. Alía
20 de dezembro de 2011
7 de dezembro de 2011
Clopidogrel 5 mg/mL Oral Suspension
***
Clopidogrel 5 mg/mL Oral Suspension
Loyd V. Allen, Jr, PhD
Professor Emeritus
College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
US Pharm. 2010;35(5):42-43.
Method of Preparation: Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for the amount to be prepared. Accurately weigh or measure each ingredient. Triturate the clopidogrel tablets to a fine powder in a mortar. Add a small quantity of Ora-Plus and mix well to form a smooth paste. Add the remainder of the Ora-Plus in portions and mix well. Add the Ora-Sweet to final volume and mix well. Package and label.
Use: Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent, is an aggregation inhibitor.
Packaging: Package in tight, light-resistant containers.
Labeling: Shake well before taking. Keep out of the reach of children. Discard after ____ [time period].
Stability: A beyond-use date of 60 days may be used for this preparation. In a stability study, at least 97% of intact drug was still present after 60 days, but the study lasted only 60 days.1,2
Quality Control: Quality-control assessment can include weight/volume, pH, specific gravity, active drug assay, color, rheologic properties/pourability, physical observation, and physical stability (discoloration, foreign materials, gas formation, mold growth).3
Discussion: Thrombotic risks are incurred by various pediatric disorders (e.g., Kawasaki disease, ischemic stroke, congenital defects), the placement of intracardiac stents and devices, and pediatric cardiac surgery. These risks have resulted in the need for more antiplatelet therapies in the pediatric population. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that is used to inhibit platelet aggregation and is beneficial in pediatric patients.2
Clopidogrel is available as clopidogrel bisulfate tablets containing 75 mg or 300 mg of clopidogrel as the bisulfate. These tablets are not amenable to administration to children owing to difficulty swallowing, and the tablets may not contain the required dosage for the individual patient. Splitting is not sufficiently accurate, so an alternative approach is required.2 To address the issues of ease of administration and dosing flexibility, an oral liquid dosage form is presented here.
In a stability study supporting this formulation, after 60 days, 97.3% of the clopidogrel remained at room temperature, and 99.5% remained after storage in the refrigerator. There was no appreciable change in the pH (about 2.65) of the preparation at either temperature. In addition, there was no detectable change in color, odor, or taste and no visible microbial growth in any of the samples.2
Clopidogrel bisulfate (C16H16ClNO2S•H2SO4, MW 419.9, Plavix) is a thienopyridine class inhibitor of P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors. It occurs as a white to off-white powder that is practically insoluble in water at neutral pH, but freely soluble at pH 1.
Plavix is available commercially as either pink, round, biconvex, debossed, film-coated tablets containing 97.875 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate—which is the molar equivalent of 75 mg of clopidogrel base—or as pink, oblong, debossed, film-coated tablets containing 391.5 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate, which is the molar equivalent of 300 mg of clopidogrel base.
In addition to clopidogrel bisulfate, each tablet contains hydrogenated castor oil, hydroxypropyl cellulose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, and polyethylene glycol 6000 as inactive ingredients. The pink film coating contains ferric oxide, hypromellose 2910, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, and triacetin and is polished with Carnauba wax.4
Ora-Plus is an oral suspending vehicle that accepts dilution of up to 50% or more with water, flavoring agents, or syrups and still retains its suspending properties. It has a pH of approximately 4.2 and an osmolality of about 230 mOsm/kg. It is a thixotropic vehicle with a viscosity of approximately 1,000 cps at 25°C. It contains purified water, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium phosphate, and citric acid as buffering agents, simethicone as an antifoaming agent, and potassium sorbate and methylparaben as preservatives.5
Ora-Sweet syrup vehicle is a flavoring vehicle for oral extemporaneous preparations. It is flavored with a citrus-berry flavor blend and contains glycerin and sorbitol to prevent “cap-lock,” a problem associated with many syrups. It is buffered to a pH of approximately 4.2 and has an osmolality of about 3,240 mOsm/kg. It contains purified water, sucrose, glycerin, sorbitol (5%), flavoring, sodium phosphate, and citric acid as buffering agents, and potassium sorbate and methylparaben as preservatives.6
REFERENCES
1. USP Pharmacists’ Pharmacopeia. 2nd ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc; 2008;775-779.
2. Skillman KL, Caruthers RL, Johnson CE. Stability of an extemporaneously prepared clopidogrel oral suspension. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010;67:559-561.
3. Allen LV Jr. Standard operating procedure for performing physical quality assessment of oral and topical liquids. IJPC. 1999;3:146-147.
4. Physicians’ Desk Reference 2010. 64th ed. Montvale, NJ: PDR Network; 2009:3027-3032.
5. Ora-Plus product information. Minneapolis, MN: Paddock Laboratories, Inc; 1992.
6. Ora-Sweet product information. Minneapolis, MN: Paddock Laboratories, Inc; 2004.
To comment on this article, contact rdavidson@uspharmacist.com.
Clopidogrel 5 mg/mL Oral Suspension
Loyd V. Allen, Jr, PhD
Professor Emeritus
College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
US Pharm. 2010;35(5):42-43.
Method of Preparation: Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for the amount to be prepared. Accurately weigh or measure each ingredient. Triturate the clopidogrel tablets to a fine powder in a mortar. Add a small quantity of Ora-Plus and mix well to form a smooth paste. Add the remainder of the Ora-Plus in portions and mix well. Add the Ora-Sweet to final volume and mix well. Package and label.
Use: Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent, is an aggregation inhibitor.
Packaging: Package in tight, light-resistant containers.
Labeling: Shake well before taking. Keep out of the reach of children. Discard after ____ [time period].
Stability: A beyond-use date of 60 days may be used for this preparation. In a stability study, at least 97% of intact drug was still present after 60 days, but the study lasted only 60 days.1,2
Quality Control: Quality-control assessment can include weight/volume, pH, specific gravity, active drug assay, color, rheologic properties/pourability, physical observation, and physical stability (discoloration, foreign materials, gas formation, mold growth).3
Discussion: Thrombotic risks are incurred by various pediatric disorders (e.g., Kawasaki disease, ischemic stroke, congenital defects), the placement of intracardiac stents and devices, and pediatric cardiac surgery. These risks have resulted in the need for more antiplatelet therapies in the pediatric population. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that is used to inhibit platelet aggregation and is beneficial in pediatric patients.2
Clopidogrel is available as clopidogrel bisulfate tablets containing 75 mg or 300 mg of clopidogrel as the bisulfate. These tablets are not amenable to administration to children owing to difficulty swallowing, and the tablets may not contain the required dosage for the individual patient. Splitting is not sufficiently accurate, so an alternative approach is required.2 To address the issues of ease of administration and dosing flexibility, an oral liquid dosage form is presented here.
In a stability study supporting this formulation, after 60 days, 97.3% of the clopidogrel remained at room temperature, and 99.5% remained after storage in the refrigerator. There was no appreciable change in the pH (about 2.65) of the preparation at either temperature. In addition, there was no detectable change in color, odor, or taste and no visible microbial growth in any of the samples.2
Clopidogrel bisulfate (C16H16ClNO2S•H2SO4, MW 419.9, Plavix) is a thienopyridine class inhibitor of P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors. It occurs as a white to off-white powder that is practically insoluble in water at neutral pH, but freely soluble at pH 1.
Plavix is available commercially as either pink, round, biconvex, debossed, film-coated tablets containing 97.875 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate—which is the molar equivalent of 75 mg of clopidogrel base—or as pink, oblong, debossed, film-coated tablets containing 391.5 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate, which is the molar equivalent of 300 mg of clopidogrel base.
In addition to clopidogrel bisulfate, each tablet contains hydrogenated castor oil, hydroxypropyl cellulose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, and polyethylene glycol 6000 as inactive ingredients. The pink film coating contains ferric oxide, hypromellose 2910, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, and triacetin and is polished with Carnauba wax.4
Ora-Plus is an oral suspending vehicle that accepts dilution of up to 50% or more with water, flavoring agents, or syrups and still retains its suspending properties. It has a pH of approximately 4.2 and an osmolality of about 230 mOsm/kg. It is a thixotropic vehicle with a viscosity of approximately 1,000 cps at 25°C. It contains purified water, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium phosphate, and citric acid as buffering agents, simethicone as an antifoaming agent, and potassium sorbate and methylparaben as preservatives.5
Ora-Sweet syrup vehicle is a flavoring vehicle for oral extemporaneous preparations. It is flavored with a citrus-berry flavor blend and contains glycerin and sorbitol to prevent “cap-lock,” a problem associated with many syrups. It is buffered to a pH of approximately 4.2 and has an osmolality of about 3,240 mOsm/kg. It contains purified water, sucrose, glycerin, sorbitol (5%), flavoring, sodium phosphate, and citric acid as buffering agents, and potassium sorbate and methylparaben as preservatives.6
REFERENCES
1. USP Pharmacists’ Pharmacopeia. 2nd ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc; 2008;775-779.
2. Skillman KL, Caruthers RL, Johnson CE. Stability of an extemporaneously prepared clopidogrel oral suspension. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010;67:559-561.
3. Allen LV Jr. Standard operating procedure for performing physical quality assessment of oral and topical liquids. IJPC. 1999;3:146-147.
4. Physicians’ Desk Reference 2010. 64th ed. Montvale, NJ: PDR Network; 2009:3027-3032.
5. Ora-Plus product information. Minneapolis, MN: Paddock Laboratories, Inc; 1992.
6. Ora-Sweet product information. Minneapolis, MN: Paddock Laboratories, Inc; 2004.
To comment on this article, contact rdavidson@uspharmacist.com.
26 de novembro de 2011
Livro Manual de Drogas Injetáveis
2ª Edição 2012Livraria e Editora Medfarma
ISBN: 978-85-89248-07-5
Nº de páginas: 412
Formato: 16 x 23 cm
Capa dura
De forma prática e concisa o Manual de Drogas Injetáveis apresenta importantes informações a médicos, enfermeiros e farmacêuticos que atuam em Unidade Central de Misturas Intravenosas, tais como: Descrição do produto, nome comercial, posologia, alertas, reconstituição, concentração após a reconstituição, vias de administração, diluentes, volume final para infusão, compatibilidade, incompatibilidade e estabilidade de medicamentos injetáveis para 175 medicamentos: pH dos produtos farmacêuticos: capítulo com cálculos e fórmulas, capítulo sobre administração de medicamentos injetáveis e capítulo com lista de abreviaturas e siglas. A descrição de cada medicamento está de acordo com a nova norma da ANVISA, com o Sistema Fechado, a RDC 45.
Conteúdo
Sumário
Nota
Agradecimentos
Prefácio
Apresentação
Introdução
Lista de abreviaturas e siglas
Cálculos e fórmulas
Informações básicas
Reconstituição de pós injetáveis
Misturas intravenosas
Cálculos e fórmulas
Cálculos de velocidade de infusão
Cálculo do gotejamento
Método prático
Infusão em gotas
Infusão em microgotas
Cálculo para infusão intravenosa do medicamento
Cálculo da velocidade de gotejamento com equipo de bureta
Cálculo de mL/h para uso em bomba de infusão contínua (BIC)
Cálculo da concentração do medicamento
Cálculo da concentração do medicamento em porcentagem
Cálculo da concentração do medicamento na forma diluída
Cálculo da dose para medicamentos em g/mL, mg/mL ou mcg/mL
Cálculo de mL/h para uso em BIC em gotas/min
Resumo de cálculo para gotejamento
Unidades de medida
Questões para autoavaliação
Respostas do teste
Administração de medicamentos injetáveis
Introdução
Terapia intravenosa
Injeção intravenosa direta
Infusão intravenosa intermitente
Infusão intravenosa contínua 40
Injeção intramuscular
Injeção subcutânea
Injeção subcutânea contínua
Via intra-arterial
Via intratecal
Via intraperitoneal
Outras vias
Equipos para infusão
Sistema fechado de infusão
Bombas de infusão
Medicamentos Injetáveis: Monografias
ACETILCISTEÍNA
ACICLOVIR
ÁCIDO AMINOCAPRÓICO
ÁCIDO ASCÓRBICO
ÁCIDO TRANEXÂMICO
ADENOSINA
ALBUMINA HUMANA
ALFAINTERFERONA 2b RECOMBINANTE
ALFENTANILA
ALPROSTADIL
ALTEPLASE
AMICACINA
AMINOFILINA
AMIODARONA
AMOXICILINA + CLAVULANATO DE POTÁSSIO
AMPICILINA
AMPICILINA + SULBACTAM
AMRINONA
ANFOTERICINA B
ANFOTERICINA B COMPLEXO LIPÍDICO
ANFOTERICINA B LIPOSSOMAL
ANIDULAFUNGINA
ATRACÚRIO
ATROPINA
AZITROMICINA
BENZILPENICILINA POTÁSSICA
BICARBONATO DE SÓDIO
BROMOPRIDA
BUPIVACAÍNA
CALCITRIOL
CASPOFUNGINA
CEFAZOLINA
CEFEPIMA
CEFOTAXIMA
CEFTAROLINA
CEFTAZIDIMA
CEFTRIAXONA
CEFUROXIMA
CETAMINA
CETOPROFENO
CETOROLACO DE TROMETAMOL
CIPROFLOXACINO
CISATRACÚRIO
CLARITROMICINA
CLINDAMICINA
CLONIDINA
CLORETO DE POTÁSSIO
CLORETO DE SÓDIO
COMPLEXO VITAMÍNICO B
CLORPROMAZINA
DALTEPARINA
DANTROLENO
DAPTOMICINA
DESFERROXAMINA
DESLANOSÍDEO
DESMOPRESSINA
DEXAMETASONA
DEXMEDOTIMIDINA
DIAZEPAM
DICLOFENACO DE SÓDIO
DILTIAZEM
DIMENIDRINATO
DIPIRONA
DOBUTAMINA
DOLASETRONA
DOPAMINA
DORIPENEM
DROPERIDOL
EFEDRINA
ENOXAPARINA
EPINEFRINA
ERTAPENEM
ESCOPOLAMINA
ESMOLOL
ESOMEPRAZOL
ESTREPTOMICINA
ESTREPTOQUINASE
ETILEFRINA
ETOMIDATO
FENILEFRINA
FENITOÍNA
FENOBARBITAL
FENTANILA
FITOMENADIONA
FLUCONAZOL
FLUMAZENIL
FOSFATO DE POTÁSSIO
FUROSEMIDA
GENTAMICINA
GLICOSE
GLUCAGON
GLUCONATO DE CÁLCIO
GRANISETRONA
HALOPERIDOL
HEPARINA
HIDRALAZINA
HIDROCORTISONA
IBUPROFENO
IMIPENEM + CILASTATINA
IMUNOGLOBULINA ANTITETÂNICA
IMUNOGLOBULINA ANTITIMÓCITO
IMUNOGLOBULINA HUMANA ENDOVENOSA
INDOMETACINA
INSULINA HUMANA REGULAR
LANSOPRAZOL
LEVOBUPIVACAÍNA
LEVOFLOXACINO
LIDOCAÍNA
LINEZOLIDA
MANITOL
MEROPENEM
METADONA
METARAMINOL
METILPREDNISOLONA
METOCLOPRAMIDA
METOPROLOL
METRONIDAZOL
MICAFUNGINA
MIDAZOLAM
MILRINONA
MONONITRATO DE ISOSSORBIDA
MORFINA
NALBUFINA
NALOXONA
NEOSTIGMINA
NIMODIPINO
NITROGLICERINA
NITROPRUSSIATO DE SÓDIO
NOREPINEFRINA
OCITOCINA
OCTREOTIDA
OMEPRAZOL
ONDANSETRONA
OXACILINA
PALONOSETRONA
PANCURÔNIO
PANTOPRAZOL
PARECOXIBE SÓDICO
PENTOXIFILINA
PETIDINA
PIPERACILINA + TAZOBACTAM
POLIMIXINA B
PROMETAZINA
PROPOFOL
PROPRANOLOL
PROTAMINA
RANITIDINA
REMIFENTANILA
ROCURÔNIO
ROPIVACAÍNA
SACARATO DE HIDRÓXIDO FÉRRICO
SALBUTAMOL
SOMATOSTATINA
SUFENTANILA
SUGAMADEX
SULFAMETOXAZOL + TRIMETOPRIMA
SULFATO DE MAGNÉSIO
SUXAMETÔNIO
TEICOPLANINA
TENOXICAM
TERBUTALINA
TICARCILINA + CLAVULANATO DE POTÁSSIO
TIGECICLINA
TIOPENTAL
TIROFIBANA
TRAMADOL
TREPROSTINIL
TROPISETRONA
VANCOMICINA
VASOPRESSINA
VECURÔNIO
VERAPAMIL
VORICONAZOL
ZIDOVUDINA
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